Industrialization Of The Earth s Oceans - 1802 Words

Since the dawn of time, the existence and condition of the Earth’s oceans have been a major continuity throughout history. All seven seas serve as an extensive home to an estimated one million discovered species who rely on the ocean’s ecosystem to survive. As time progressed and the human race evolved, so did technology and industrialization. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, industrial revolutions took place all over the planet, spreading new technology and ethics all throughout the world. Even though the rapid increase in mechanics and machinery seemed to be beneficial for humans, they were unaware of the repercussions industrialization had on the well-being of the oceans. New problems arose along with the amount of industrial activity. As factories began to become powered by coal rather than by water from nearby rivers, puffs of smoke rose into the air, leading to pollution. Mass production of goods caused an a plethora of excess product, l eading to litter and waste being disposed into the ocean. Also, technologically advanced boats emerged with new untraditional methods of fishing that allowed fishermen to capture hundreds of fish at a time. Overall, major issues have arisen in the ocean due to human activity. The ocean is a crucial source of life for an abundance of life forms, however, factors such as global warming, pollution and overfishing are major contributors to habitat destruction and extinction of wildlife in marine environments.Show MoreRelatedEnvironment Issues Are Destructive Effect From Human Activity On The Nature1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are many types of environment issues in the Earth. Most countries focus on environment issues and there are more pressure when government solving these problems. Earth s environment is an important factor in the survival of mankind and environmental issues that affect human life. Therefore, Protecting the environment is human responsibility. And Equal protectio n of the environment to protect ourselves. Global warming, shortage resources and ocean pollution are major environment issues and pressureRead More The Problem of Global Warming Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming is the increase of temperature on Earth which is caused by human activities and will have very serious consequences for life on Earth if humans dont start to do something about it now. Global Warming is caused when the Greenhouse Gases combines with the atmosphere and traps heat. It is strongly related to pre-human and pre- industrial global warming, it is also weakly related to depletion of ozone layer, which was caused by the CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons) gas. The effectsRead MoreThe United States And Alaska1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe Western United States and Alaska were slammed with massive heat in 2014. Records were broke in North America and across every inhabited continent. The oceans were warmer except around most of Antarctica. Scientists say that the warming of the ocean is, ...providing the energy that fuel damaging Pacific storms.. Along with record breaking heat temperatures, the 2014 year passed 2010 for the warmest year. The top 10 warmest years have occured since 1997. The scientists say this is, a consequenceRead MoreHuman Behavior and Activities Responsible for Global Climatic Changes1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthe climate of the globe to change by altering the energy balance of the earth. The major threat to the global climate is the burning of fossil fuels. These fuels, when burnt, produce Carbon dioxide and other green house gases and aerosols which ar e great threats to the atmosphere. These gases alter the solar radiations, which are coming to the earth, and the infrared or thermal radiations, which are going out of the earth. This alteration, in turn, leads toward the disruptions in the earths energyRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead Moreglobal warming1539 Words   |  7 PagesIt was a dark morning that Sunday, it was the 28th of August of 2005. Douglas and his family heard a storm was coming, so they went to his mother-in-law ´s house, as they always did when there were storms. They were there, and Douglas went to the bay behind the house to check the level of the water. It was too high, and the wind was getting stronger, so he went to warn his wife, daughter, and mother-in-law. As he was heading back, the roof of the house collapsed. None of the three women survived.Read MoreThe Cau ses for Global Warming1538 Words   |  7 PagesIt was a dark morning that Sunday, it was the 28th of August of 2005. Douglas and his family heard a storm was coming, so they went to his mother-in-law ´s house, as they always did when there were storms. They were there, and Douglas went to the bay behind the house to check the level of the water. It was too high, and the wind was getting stronger, so he went to warn his wife, daughter, and mother-in-law. As he was heading back, the roof of the house collapsed. None of the three women survived.Read MoreHuman Impact on the Environment Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pages Human Impact on the Environment I. Human Population and Industrialization A. By-products of industrialization 1. Industrialization is driven by energy consumption from coal, petroleum, and natural gas a. Fossil fuels were formed by decomposition and pressure on remains of plants and animals millions of years ago b. Oil is the fuel most widely used, both as starting material for making gasoline and for other products 2. Pollution is any environmentalRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagessystem into account, our planet has warmed at a rate equivalent to 4 Hiroshima atomic bomb detonations per second over the past 15 years† (Cook). Our planet is becoming warmer. When scientists add up all the heat warming the land, oceans, atmosphere, ice melting, earth is accumulating heat equivalent to four Hiroshima bombs worth of heat per second. Global warming is a serious issue faced by our world as there has been a significant increase in temperature over the years. But the article publishedRead MoreBiological Diversity And Its Effects On Our Environment1265 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we have made as a species have put the lives of some of Earth s most ancient and diverse communities in danger. While only a small fraction of the creatures living under the sea have been discovered and recorded, the past half a century has shown us the our mistreatment of our environmen t has threatened the intricate systems of the ocean s ecosystem. Biological diversity in the oceans has decreased dramatically since industrialization began in the 19th century. The primary causes for the losses

Unit 9 Final Paper for Criminal Justice - 1165 Words

Rachel Miller 2013-08-06 Criminal Justice- CJ 101 Professor Kim Miller Unit 9 Final Essay Our United States Corrections System has two specific ways into having people pay for their crimes. One way is punishment. People of the victims or even the victims believe this is the best way to get their justice. The second is rehabilitation. This way is good to give an offender a second chance in society and it gives them self- being. This also gives them the opportunity to accomplish academic and trading skills. (Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century (11th ed.), 2011. Schmalleger, F. Publisher: Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Education. TSBN: 135074096). The first question is, â€Å"How does our†¦show more content†¦In any given city or town will depend on the factors including how police are deployed. This may be bigger or even smaller, this depends the size of the town or the city. There are many ways to increase the prisons population by ranging from policies like the â€Å"across-the-board,† and this will increase the â€Å"three strikes† status, but these will vary. Then we have minimum sentencing. This can be circumvented by a plea bargin or by a selective prosecution, plus the due process. (search.proquest.com.lib.kaplan.edu/criminaljusticeperiodicals/docview/304605641/13 †¦) and (http:www.jstor.org/stable/1147539, The University of Chicago press/). The second question is, â€Å"How does our corrections system rehabilitate offenders?† There are many ways for an offender to rehabilitate. All of these aspects go into play with each offender. For example, past offenses, present offenses, severity of the offense, custodial, and non- custodial offenses. All of this plays big time in what kind of rehab the offender will need and receive. For lower offenses and first time offenses they will look at the offender’s educational background, how many offenses from past and present, marital status, sentence length, offense type, ethnicity, employment, income assistance, housing situation, frequency of drug and alcohol use, and to see if family or friends have a criminal background or history. For a person with harsher offenses, they may not take very lightly, but will give them the option toShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Issues and Criminology1605 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction- When we think of the criminal justice sys tem in the United States, we are referring to a broad collection of federal, state, and local agencies that are focused on crime prevention and upholding the law. In general, these agencies uphold the law at various levels, investigate crime, process the accused, compile evidence, work with the district attorney, and develop profiles and crime prevention techniques. The process of the criminal justice organization is designed to work in conjunctionRead MoreSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Unit 3 exam: Wednesday 13th June, am Unit 4 exam: Tuesday 19th June, pm Easter Revision: tbc A2 Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 3: Mass Media (SCLY3) Worth 20% of your final A Level Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes 60 marks available Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods (SCLY4) Worth 30% of your final A Level Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. MakeRead MoreEssay on Research Methods Unit 9 Final1572 Words   |  7 PagesApril Sharp CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Unit 9: Final Prof. Robert Roberts Abstract: Domestic violence against women happens around the world every day, but the main focus of location discussed in this paper is Washington State. Females are most likely to suffer domestic violence abuse from someone that they know. In such cases, it has been a spouse that is the attacker. Women escape these violent crimes and reach out for help, but not every time. Based off of the data collectedRead More The Watergate Scandal Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesthat began the largest scandal in American Politics. However, even before the break-in, President Nixon had begun illegal operations. President Nixon had created a special investigation unit to prevent the leaking of confidential documents to the public. He did this after a number of Defense Department papers were released to the public concerning President Nixon’s paranoia over the public’s criticism of his Vietnam War policies (Owens 1). The â€Å"Plumbers†, as they were nicknamed, were headedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Criminal Justice System3274 Words   |  14 PagesCriminal Justice System The technological advancement era that has marred the 21st century has seen heightened increased surveillance and proactive crime investigations. Such growth has seen positive legislative moves that have allowed the use of telecommunication gadgets in monitoring trends of criminal activities and criminal gangs[footnoteRef:1]. Most commonwealth nation which United Kingdom is a member have since passed and enacted laws that provide some sort of immunities and exemptions forRead MoreCm220 - Final Project3501 Words   |  15 PagesUnit 9 – Final Project Kristopher Turek Kaplan University CM 220 Section X Professor Eric Miller Tuesday, May 22nd 2012 Formal Letter to Senator– The Honorable Barbara Boxer 112 Hart Senate Office Building United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 Dear Senator,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identity theft is an issue faced on a daily basis for those that are living in our wonderful state of California. For some it is common knowledge to protect your identity but for those that are not familiar withRead MoreEssay on International Crime1990 Words   |  8 PagesCJ509-01NA: Comparative Criminal Justice Systems Professor: Unit 9: International Perspectives on Corrections and Juvenile Justice - Final Written Assignment February 15, 2011 Abstract: Throughout the term we have encompassed an array of information pertaining to international criminal justice practices. The examination of past, present, and future trends facing global justice systems has led us to embark on research and topics for many different countries. This paper will cover the topicsRead MoreCorrections Final Paper4809 Words   |  20 PagesFinal Paper Student ID: Maya DeNola California State University Long Beach CRJU 303 – Corrections December 12, 2012 Professor: Ryan Fischer Table of Content Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Historical perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Current Policy surrounding mental health treatment in prisons†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Evidence to support the current/historical correctional approaches†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Evidence to refute the current/historical correctional approaches†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreJadm 430 Complete Course - Devry ( All Assignments - Dqs and Midterm Exam)3666 Words   |  15 Pagespoints and will be graded on APA formatting; quality of research topic; quality of paper information; proper use of text citations; proper grammar, punctuation, usage, and sentence structure; and the deliverable components for Weeks 1, 2, 5, and 6. There are four components to the Course Project. †¢ title page, topic discussion, and a list of three references †¢ annotated outline †¢ annotated bibliography †¢ Final Paper Requirements †¢ APA guidelines must be followed for all course component deliverablesRead MoreEffective Crime Management3447 Words   |  14 Pagestitle to this paper, is that only by using the wider police family can crime be effectively managed. This does not mean that crime has to be contained using a family hierarchical model, but that every member and department of a police force must be utilized correctly. This may also seem to be a shotgun approach to policing, but it is far from it. A scientific method is employed to make sure that every officer is used in the capacity that best suits the individuals talents. This paper is designed

Year of Wonders Essay Free Essays

The plague brings out the best in the village. Do you agree? Throughout the plague year many of the villagers were affected by the tragic hit of the plague. One of the main themes in the novel ‘’fear’’ is something that highly affects the actions and and can completely change their values and morals. We will write a custom essay sample on Year of Wonders Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fear which comes complimentary with the plague and can bring out the best and the worst in the villagers. Times of crisis can bring out a monster in all of us, but can a just like jon said â€Å"these times they do make monsters of us all†lso but times like this can also bring out the good. As the plague hit Anna’s town lack of scientific and medical information lead the villagers to draw their own conclusions and superstitions, of the plague. We see fear and emotions take control of the villagers through the lynching of Anys Gowdie, by the angry mob. the crazed mob which accuses Anys of witchcraft just exemplifies the notion that faith can blind people along with fear. This event was uncalled for and horrific. The villagers were put under a permanent state of stress and terror, which led people to do some horrendous actions and behave in inhumane ways. In her last words Anys criticises the town and attacks them for their ignorance rather than professing a love for God, which may have saved her. Through these actions Brooks is able to explore the strength of one’s beliefs and morals in distressing situations. Anna however is not blinded by her faith like most of the villagers and does not believe that the plague is an act of God, or witchcraft and simply concludes that it was brought on by nature. perhaps the plague was neither proof God nor the Devil but simple a thing in nature as the stone on which we stub a toe† here Anna show her first signs of apostasy, question faith and shows the development of her new mindset This accentuates how Anna is wise beyond her time and her logic allows her to flourish in this unfortunate chain of events. Times of crisis and the plague can also bring out the good and courageous people like Anna, who are willing to support others and continue to maintain their values and morals no matte r what. Anna selflessly works to help the village in all she can do to help fight the plague. Throughout the plague year Anna flourishes. Despite the tragedy of her two sons and husband passing she moves on with her life and give it to helping others. anna develops a sense of identity and independence and begins to step up over the patriarchal standards of women at that time, questioning her faith and society. Crisis of the plague also brought about evil, along with those people who exploit the situation of death, fear and suffering. Jos exploits the villagers who are already suffering immensely, he buries people alive, takes their money and household goods. He shows no regard for humanity in his immoral behavior and is clearly driven by greed and his own selfish desires. Fear and tragedy can do many things to people. In Year of Wonders fear brought out the best and the worst in people. The villagers feared death and loss which was a powerful emotion. Times of crisis can change people and make monsters of all of us. The novel shows how fear can exploit bad epople like Anna’s father and Jos. But in others can bring out the best, and change a person for the better. How to cite Year of Wonders Essay, Essay examples

Resource for advanced English language learners free essay sample

From this source of material, you can view video clips on new books introduction, book views, hot news discussion, topic discussion and skills training etc. This will help you to obtain the new abundant information and knowledge in a quick and efficient way. The clips are presented in a very attractive and lively way. It brings you closer to the international academic and business world. From there, you can meet new faces, well-known speakers, authors, politicians, and professors etc. You will be joyful when seeing the authors of the books you study or the speakers that you have heard about. This will surely open up your mind. This source can definitely improve your language skill, especially the listening skill. You will hear from many native English speakers with different accents and dialects. You will learn to get used to the speaking tone and speed of native speakers. You can learn how they use their pronunciation and the use of words in both daily and academic conversation. We will write a custom essay sample on Resource for advanced English language learners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will soon realize that there is a pool of speakers with diversified speaking styles that you can learn a lot from.Apart from that, the source can also help you with other soft skills. It will help to you learn how to influence and lead others in a conversation, the way how they dress in a professional way, how they start and end up a conversation. This will enhance your personal skills to apply in your working life. This source is also a convenient way of learning. You do not need to sit in front of the monitor but still get track of the presenting ideas through the speaker. You can listen to the video clips and do other things in the same time.It is a useful way of learning when you have little time. However, there are some disadvantages through this type of learning. It requests you to have the access to the internet to view the clips which may not be available especially when you travel. You may encounter with some delay or stop due to the slow transmitting speed. In addition, speaking language is different with the writing one, therefore, it may not upgrade your academic writing skills. In summary, the video link of Havana Business Review is very useful for improving your listening and pronunciation skills.However, you have to bear n mind that you should combine with other source of materials in order to develop other language skill as well such as writing and reading. See for example, the section on Workplace Writers, http://owl. English. Purdue. Due/owl/resource/681[01/ This source will lead you to the Workplace writers which provides you with guidelines for different types of writing in business. Online Writing Lab (OWL) is a useful resource for professional and academic reference. The link provides diversified information.From this link you can find detailed information from simple writings such as cover letter, curriculum vitae to sophisticated writings such as white paper, technical reports etc. The resource is presented in a well-organized way. The information is quite detailed and specific. It provides you with the step-by-step guidelines to help you writing a specific paper including layout, design, structure, wording, main contents etc. It also covers the definition, the purpose Of the writing, the problems that need to be addressed in the paper. As the link focuses on workplace, you may find some useful items for your org.You may feel delighted when finding job skill checklist where you can see a list of required skills in the workplace. Then you can note down some skills to add in your C.V. or plan to acquire and improve some skills in the future for your own benefit. However, the information in the link still remains theoretic since there are not many templates or examples for illustration. In summary, this source of material is a good source for your writing especially in workplace. However, we need to check other SOL_Ceres for good templates for reference.

Summary Marketing free essay sample

Marketing process: understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants ( design a customer-driven marketing strategy ( construct and integrated marketing program that delivers superior value ( build profitable relationships and create customer delight ( capture value from customers to create profits and customer equity. 5 core customer and marketplace concepts: 1. Needs, wants, demands 2. Marketing offerings (Products, services, and experiences) 3. Value and satisfaction (building blocks for developing and managing customer relationships) 4. Exchanges and relationships 5. Markets (the set of all actual and potential buyers of a product or service) So the marketing process involves 5 steps: the first four steps create value for customers. First, marketers need to understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants. Next, marketers design a customer-driven marketing strategy with the goal of getting, keeping and growing target customers. In the third step, marketers construct a marketing program that actually delivers superior value. All of these steps form the basis for the fourth step, building profitable customer relationships and creating customer delight. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the final step, the company reaps the rewards of strong customer relationships by capturing value from customers. Marketing myopia: only watching at the product instead of the underlying customer needs. Marketing management: the art and science of choosing target markets and building profitable relationships with them. (find, attract, keep, and grow target customers by creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value). = customer management and demand management. It’s best to select customers (target marketing) instead of serving all customers. alternative concepts under which organisations design and carry out their marketing strategies: †¢ Production concept: consumers will favour products that are available and highly affordable †¢ Product concept: consumers will favour products that offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features. †¢ Selling: buying asks for a lot of selling and promotion effort. ( inside-out perspective â⠂¬ ¢ Marketing: achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. The job is not to find the right customers for your product, but to find the right products for your customer. ( outside-in perspective. Our goal is to lead customers where they want to go before they know where they want to go. †¢ Societal marketing concepts: a company should make good marketing decisions by considering consumers’ wants, the company’s requirements, consumers’ long-run interests, and society’s long-run interests. Selling concept: factory ( existing products ( selling and promoting ( profits through sales volume Marketing concept: market ( customer needs ( integrated marketing ( profits through customer satisfaction 4 P’s of marketing: Product, Price, Place, Promotion (these are marketing mix tools ( integrated marketing program) Customer relationship management: the overall process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Customer perceived value: the customer’s evaluation of the difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a market offering relative to those of competing offers. Customer satisfaction: the extent to which a product’s perceived performance matches a buyer’s expectations. A company should deliver high customer satisfaction relative to competitors, it does not attempt to maximize customer satisfaction. In the past companies focused on mass marketing to all customers, today companies are building more direct and lasting relationships with more carefully selected customers (selective relationship management). Direct marketing (by telephone, mail-order catalogs, kiosks and online) is booming. Partner relationship management: working closely with partners in other company departments and outside the company to jointly bring greater value to customers ( every employee must be customer focused. Outcomes of creating customer value: customer loyalty and retention, share of market and share of customer, and customer equity. The aim of customer relationship management is to create not just customer satisfaction, but customer delight (emotional relationship with product or service). Customer lifetime value: the value of the entire stream of purchases that a customer would make over a lifetime of patronage. Share of customer: the portion of the customer’s purchasing that a company gets in its product categories. Companies want not only to create profitable customers, but to ‘own’ them for life, capture their customer lifetime value, and earn a greater share of their purchases. Customer equity: the combined discounted customer lifetime values of all of the company’s current and potential customers. Whereas sales and market share reflect the past, customer equity suggests the future. The goal is to build the right relationship with the right customers. The major new developments in marketing can be summed up in a single word: relationships. Today, marketers of all kinds are taking advantage of new opportunities for building relationships with their customers, their marketing partners, and the world around them. 2 Company and Marketing strategy: Partnering to build customer relationships Strategic planning: the process of developing and maintaining a strategic fit between the organization’s goals and capabilities and its changing marketing opportunities ( adapting the firm to take advantage of opportunities in its constantly changing environment. Mission statement: a statement of the organization’s purpose –what it wants to accomplish in the larger environment. They should be market oriented and defined in terms of customer needs. They should be realistic and specific. They should fit the market environment and be motivating. Business portfolio: the collection of businesses and products that make up the company The major activity in strategic planning is business portfolio analysis, whereby management evaluates the products and businesses making up the company. Product/market expansion grid: a portfolio-planning tool for identifying company growth opportunities through: †¢ market penetration: making more sales to current customers without changing its products †¢ market development: identifying and developing new market segments for current company products †¢ product development: offering modified or new products to current markets †¢ diversification: starting up or acquiring businesses outside the company’s current products and markets. Companies must not only develop strategies for growing their business ortfolios but also strategies for downsizing them. Managers should focus on promising growth opportunities, not fritter away energy trying to salvage fading ones. Customer value and satisfaction are important ingredients in the marketer’s formula for success. Marketers must partner effectively with other companies in the marketing system to form a competitively superior value-delivery network. Value chai n: the series of departments that carry out value-creating activities to design, produce, market, deliver, and support a firm’s products. A company’s success depends on how well each department performs its work of adding customer value and on how well the activities of various departments are coordinated. In today’s marketplace competition no longer takes place between individual competitors. Rather, it takes place between the entire value-delivery networks created by these competitors. So even if Toyota makes the best cars, it might lose in the marketplace if Ford’s dealer network provides more customer-satisfying sales and service. Customer-driven marketing strategy: Companies cannot serve all consumers in a given market. So they divide up the total market, choose the best segments and design strategies for profitably serving chosen segments. This process involves: †¢ market segmentation: the process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, or behaviors, who might require separate products or market programs. A market segment consists of consumers who respond in a similar way to a given set of marketing efforts. †¢ target marketing: a company should target segments in which it can profitably generate the greatest customer value and sustain it over time. Market positioning: arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. †¢ Differentiation: actually differentiating the market offering to create superior customer value. Marketing mix: the set of controllable tactical marketing tools: product, price, place and promotion, that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. One concern: the four P’s concept takes the seller’s view of the market, not the buyer’s view. It might be better described as the four C’s. Ps4Cs ProductCustomer solution PriceCustomer cost PlaceConvenience PromotionCommunication Managing the marketing process requires the four marketing management functions: analysis, planning, implementation, and control. SWOT analyse: a complete analysis of the company’s situation. It evaluates the company’s overall Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T). Contents of a marketing plan: executive summary, current marketing situation, threats and opportunities analysis, objectives and issues, marketing strategy, action programs, budgets, controls. To be successful companies must also be effective at implementation: turning marketing strategies into marketing actions. Marketing control involves evaluating the results of marketing strategies and plans and taking corrective action to ensure that objectives are attained. Marketers want to know the actual return on investments: Return on marketing investment (or marketing ROI): the net return from a marketing investment divided by the costs of the marketing investment. Marketers are using customer-centered measures of marketing impact, such as customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer lifetime value. Increased customer equity in relation to the cost of the marketing investments, determines return on marketing investment. A company’s success depends on how well each department performs its customer value-adding activities and how well the departments work together to serve the customer ( partner relationship management ( so they form an effective value chain that serves the customer. 3 The marketing environment Marketing environment: the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. It is made up of a microenvironment and a macroenvironment. Microenvironment: the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers: the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors, and publics. Macroenvironment: the larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment: demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces. The company’s microenvironment Marketing management’s job is to build relationships with customers by creating customer value and satisfaction. The company n designing marketing plans, marketing management takes other company groups into account-groups such as top management, finance, research and development (RD), purchasing, operations, and accounting. Suppliers they provide the resources needed by the company to produce its goods and services. Most marketers today treat their suppliers as partners in creating and delivering customer value. Marketing intermediaries help the company to promote, sell, and distribute its products to final buyers; they include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing service agencies and financial intermediaries. Today’s marketers recognize the importance of working with their intermediaries as partners rather than simply as channels through which they sell their products. Customers The company needs to study five types of customer markets closely: 1. consumer markets 2. business markets 3. reseller markets 4. government markets 5. international markets Competitors The marketing concept states that to be successful, a company must provide greater customer value and satisfaction than its competitors do. No single competitive marketing strategy is best for all companies. Publics A public is any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives: †¢ Financial publics influence the company’s ability to obtain funds: banks and stockholders. †¢ Media publics carry news, features, and editorial opinions: newspapers, magazines †¢ Government publics, marketers must often consult the company’s lawyers on issues of products safety, truth in advertising, and other matters †¢ Citizen-action publics †¢ Local publics †¢ General publics †¢ Internal publics The company’s macroenvironment Major forces in the company’s macroenvironment: †¢ Demographic forces: demography is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics. the post-world war 2 baby boom produced 78 million baby boomers, born between 1946-1964. The youngest boomers are now in their early forties. As a group, the baby boomers are the most affluent Americans. However although the more affluent boomers have grabbed most of the headlines, baby boomers cut across all walks of life, creating a diverse set f target segments for businesses. Generation X: the 45 million people born between 1965 and 1976 in the ‘birth dearth’ following the baby boom. Generation Y: The 72 million children of the baby boomers, born between 1977 and 1994. But marketers need to form more precise age-specific segments with each group. Marketers must increasingly consider the special needs of non-traditional households, because they are now g rowing more rapidly than traditional households. Each group has distinctive needs and buying habits. This is a period of great migratory movements between and within countries, this is interesting because people in different regions buy differently. The U. S. population is becoming better educated. The rising number of educated people will increase the demand for quality products, books, magazines, travel, personal computers, and internet services. Between 2004 and 2014, the number of professional workers is expected to increase 21% and manufacturing is expected to decline 5%. As the population in the United States grows more diverse, successful marketers will continue to diversify their marketing programs to take advantage of opportunities in fast-growing segments: gay/lesbian, people with disabilities, ethnic groups. †¢ Economic forces: consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Some countries have subsistence economies they consume most of their own agricultural and industrial output. Others are industrial economies, which constitute rich markets for many different kinds of goods. people are spending more carefully since the recession of the early 2000s. alue marketing has become the watchword for many marketers. Rather than offering high quality at a high price, or lesser quality at very low prices, marketers are looking for ways to offer today’s more financially cautious buyers greater value – just the right combination of product quality and good service at a fair price. Over the past three dec ades, the rich have grown richer, the middle class has shrunk and the poor have remained poor. Food, housing and transportation use up the most household income. However consumers at different income levels have different spending patterns. Engel’s laws: as family income rise, the percentage spent on food declines, the percentage spent on housing remains about constant (except for such utilities as gas, electricity, and public services, which decrease), and both the percentage spent on most other categories and that devoted to savings increase. †¢ Natural forces: involves the natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. Marketers should be aware of several trends in the natural environment: shortage of raw materials increased pollution increased government intervention In the U. S. the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970 to set and enforce pollution standards and to conduct pollution research. †¢ Technological forces create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities. They made a lot of wonders (televisions, cars, internet) and a lot of blunders (chemical weapons, nuclear missiles). New technologies cre ate new markets and opportunities. Every new technology replaces an older technology. As products and technology become more complex, the public needs to know that these are safe. Thus, government agencies investigate and ban potentially unsafe products. †¢ Political forces consists of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence or limit various organizations and individuals in a given society. Almost every marketing activity is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations. Legislation affecting business around the world has increased steadily over the years. Regulations are constantly changing, marketers must work hard to keep up with changes in regulations and their interpretations. Reasons for business legislation: To protect companies from each other To protect consumers To protect the interest of society Cause-related marketing has become a primary form of corporate giving. It lets companies ‘do well by doing good’ by linking purchases of the company’s products or services with fund-raising for worthwhile causes or charitable organizations. Critics: cause-related marketing is more a strategy for selling than a strategy for giving. †¢ Cultural forces: institutions and other forces that affect society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviours. Core beliefs and values are passed on from parents to children and are reinforced by schools, churches, businesses, and governments. Secondary beliefs and values are more open to change. Believing in marriage is a core belief, believing that people should get married early in life is a secondary belief. The major cultural values of a society are expressed in people’s views of themselves and others, as well as in their views of organizations, society, nature, and the universe. More people choose to stay home, this asks for home improvement and entertainment products (cocooning). People are getting more aware of nature( organic food, fuel-efficient cars People vary in their beliefs about the origin of the universe and their place in it. People have been moving away from materialism and dog-eat-dog ambition to seek more permanent values – family, community, earth, faith – and more certain grasp of right and wrong. Marketing management cannot always control environmental forces. But whenever possible, smart marketing managers will take a proactive rather than reactive approach to the marketing environment.

The Truth Behind Those Megalodon Documentaries

The Truth Behind Those Megalodon Documentaries What can you say about a TV documentary in which the suspiciously good-looking lead protagonistmarine biologist Collin Drake- comes up empty in a Google search? Or, for that matter, his equally attractive marine biologist pal Madelyn Joubert, who joins him halfway through the show, and whom a cursory web search easily demonstrates not to exist? And, not to belabor the point, a TV show that starts with suspiciously staged-looking video footage of a charter boat capsizing off the coast of South Africa, and no references can be found about this accident (in which three passengers were supposedly killed) from reliable online news sources? I dont know much about charter boats, but I do know that people whose ship is in the process of sinking do not take the trouble to center their subjects on frame. (See also 10 Things Megalodon Could Swallow Whole, a review of Megalodon: The New Evidence, and an article explaining why there are no giant sharks alive today.) Welcome to the world of the Discovery Channel and its inaugural Shark Week special, Megalodon - The Monster Shark Lives, which first aired on Sunday, August 4, 2013.  I usually steer well clear of Discovery programming, but since I know more about Megalodon than the average person (see my articles 10 Facts About Megalodon and Megalodon vs. Leviathan - Who Wins?) I felt compelled to tune in. Im shocked that a major TV channel with a supposedly educational purview can get away with this drivel, in which Collin Drake (whoever he is in real life) pursues his theory that that charter boat was rammed by a living Megalodon. Were taken through various pieces of evidencesonar sightings, Nazi-era photographs, whale carcasses washed up on the beachbut if Discovery is brazen enough to manufacture its talking heads out of whole cloth, what is the point of assessing the reliability of these details? I dont want to get into a debate about whether real, live Megalodon sharks are prowling the shores of southern Africaafter all, its impossible to prove a negative, and people will believe what they want to believe. On first airing, I was also willing to entertain the teensiest bit of doubt that Collin Drake and Madelyn Joubert were who they said they were (though they certainly looked, acted and talked unlike any scientists Ive ever met in real life, a judgment confirmed when it was later revealed that Collin Drake was actually played by a third-string Australian soap actor.) But I am saddened by the prospect that millions of unsuspecting people allow themselves to be educated by the Discovery Channel, which apparently cant stoop low enough to procure its ratings, and doesnt care how many schoolkids it misinforms in the process. Say what you will about Megalodon, but it couldnt help being a soulless, uncaring killing machineyoud think someone at the supposedly more evolved Discovery Channel would have a conscience! (Apparently unashamed by the critical backlash against Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives, Discovery aired an even more egregious sequel, Megalodon: The New Evidence, in July 2014, about which you can read in Megalodon: The New Evidence - Dont Believe Everything You See.)

Sunbird Facts (Family Nectariniidae)

Sunbird Facts (Family Nectariniidae) Sunbirds are tropical nectar-sipping birds belonging to the family Nectariniidae. Some members of the family are called spiderhunters, but all are considered to be sunbirds. Like unrelated hummingbirds, they feed primarily on nectar. However, most sunbirds have curved bills and perch to feed rather than hover like hummingbirds. Fast Facts: Sunbird Scientific Name: NectariniidaeCommon Names: sunbird, spiderhunterBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: Less than 4 inchesWeight: 0.2-1.6 ouncesLifespan: 16-22 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Southeast Asia, Africa, northern AustraliaPopulation: Stable or decreasingConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered Species The Nectariniidae family consists of 16 genera and 145 species. All birds in the family are sunbirds, but those in the genus Arachnothera are called spiderhunters. The spiderhunters are distinct from other sunbirds in that they are larger and both sexes have the same dull brown plumage. Description Sunbirds are small, slender birds measuring less than 4 inches in length. The smallest sunbird is the black-bellied sunbird, which weighs about 5 grams or 0.2 ounces. The largest sunbird is the spectacled spiderhunter, which weighs 45 grams or 1.6 ounces. Generally, males are larger than females and have longer tails. Most members of the family have long, downward-curved bills. Except for the spiderhunters, sunbirds are strongly sexually dimorphic. Males often have brilliant iridescent plumage, while females tend to be duller or different colors than males. Some species have distinctive juvenile and seasonal plumage. Male and female sunbirds may have very different plumage colors. Irtiza7 / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Sunbirds live in tropical forests, inland wetlands, savannas, and scrubland in Africa, southern Asia, the Middle East, and northern Australia. They tend not to favor coasts or islands. Some species migrate seasonally, but only a short distance. They are found from sea level to 19,000 feet of elevation. Some species have adapted to live near human habitation in gardens and agricultural land. Diet For the most part, sunbirds feed on flower nectar. They eat from orange and red tubular flowers and are important pollinators for these species. A sunbird dips its curved bill into a flower or else pierces its base and then sips nectar using a long, tubular tongue. Sunbirds also eat fruit, small insects, and spiders. While hummingbirds hover to feed, sunbirds land and perch on flower stalks. Behavior Sunbirds live in pairs or small groups and are active during the daytime. They aggressively defend their territories from predators and (during the breeding season) other bird species. Sunbirds tend to be talkative birds. Their songs consists of rattles and metallic-sounding notes. Reproduction and Offspring Outside of the equatorial belt, sunbirds breed seasonally, usually during the wet season. Birds that live near the equator may breed any time of year. Most species are monogamous and territorial. A few species engage in lekking, where a group of males gather to put on a courtship display to attract females. Female sunbirds use spiderwebs, leaves, and twigs to build purse-shaped nests and suspend them from branches. However, spiderhunter nests are woven cups attached beneath large leaves. The female lays up to four eggs. Except for spiderhunters, only sunbird females incubate the eggs. Purple sunbird eggs hatch after 15 to 17 days. Male sunbirds help rear the nestlings. Sunbirds live between 16 and 22 years. Olive-backed female sunbird with chicks. Paul T Photography / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies most sunbird species as least concern. Seven species are threatened with extinction and the elegant sunbird (Aethopyga duyvenbodei) is endangered. Populations are either stable or decreasing. Threats Threats to the species include habitat loss and degradation from deforestation and human encroachment. The scarlet-chested sunbird is considered an agricultural pest, as it spreads parasitic mistletoe in cocoa plantations. Although sunbirds are stunningly beautiful, they are not typically captured for the pet trade because of their specific nutritional needs. Sources BirdLife International 2016. Aethopyga duyvenbodei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22718068A94565160. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718068A94565160.enBirdLife International 2016. Cinnyris asiaticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22717855A94555513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22717855A94555513.enCheke, Robert and Clive Mann. Family Nectariniidae (Sunbirds). In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes. Barcelona: Lynx Editions. pp. 196–243. 2008. ISBN 978-84-96553-45-3.Flower, Stanley Smyth. Further notes on the duration of life in animals. IV. Birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Ser. A (2): 195–235, 1938. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1938.tb07895.xJohnson, Steven D. The pollination niche and its role in the diversification and maintenance of the southern African flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 ( 1539): 499–516. 2010. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0243