The Importance of Educational Improvements in California Schools Essay

The Importance of Educational Improvements in California Schools â€Å"The competitiveness of Americans in this global market is coming to depend †¦on the functions that Americans perform—the value they add—within the global economy.† United States citizens devote a significant portion of their incomes to educate future generations through the taxes they pay, and the resultant expenditures of federal, state, and local governments on education. As the epigraph of this essay suggests active participation in a competitive global economy will be required of future tax payers, if we (the people of California) desire to create an environment in our state in which individuals can continue to pursue personal, public, and economic growth. The California Educational Master Plan puts it this way. â€Å"If unity, equity, quality, and efficiency are to be achieved, the Governor, legislature, and people of California must provide the required financial resources.† Moreover, as those responsible for implementing this plan work toward educating the diverse student population of California for a variety of ends—citizenship and economic participation among them—it behooves teachers, administrators, and poli cy makers to consider carefully the practical implications of the linguistic diversity of California’s students. This seems especially urgent when we consider the importance of meeting students at their actual level of knowledge and ability, while looking toward developing them into full participants in the American experiment. Specifically, stakeholders must consider the variety of developmental categories and other characteristics of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds if we are to improve teaching and learning in California’s ... ...engagement and research into best practices for teaching LEP students a top priority instead of leaving new teachers struggling to â€Å"reinvent the wheel† in California’s multi-cultural classroom. Such a commitment can only benefit students, the profession of English, and the body politic as a whole. If we fail to teach LEP students comprehensively and explicitly to succeed as English speakers and writers we are undercutting our own political and economic futures. Moreover, a lack of ESL teacher preparation represents a failure to realize the uniqueness of ESL speakers and writers within California’s complex (56 distinct languages) teaching environment. And while many teachers will not be called upon to teach an entire course in ESL writing, the fact that 1 out of every 4 students is an English Language Learner is something no serious English teacher can ignore.

Mental Duality Essay

Everyone is familiar with the famous Rubin face-vase drawing, a black and white print in which one can simultaneously perceive faces by focusing on the black ink or a vase by focusing on the white. If I announce that this is a picture of a vase, am I right? However you announce you see a picture of two faces, are you right? Who’s right? Are we both right? Or are we both wrong? Is it right and wrong; good and evil? I believe neurobiological research, as well as personal anecdotal study; have demonstrated that dichotomous thinking, (mental duality) is an appropriate expectation for developing brains. However an evolved adult brain has developed the ability (free will) to reconcile their emotional reactivity with reality to understand that there are very few absolutes in life. The picture is both face and vase. You and I may only see one figure; however that does not mean the other does not exist. To see the truth one must integrate the entire picture, black and white, good and evil. In studying Roger Sperry and A.L. Wigan’s work on mental duality, Roland Puccetti believed there were two people inside each human organism. By saying there were two people; Puccetti believed there were two minds with separate streams of consciousness that were therefore capable of separate volitions, or courses of action. Puccetti was attempting through science to justify dichotomous thinking, and therefore indirectly justify dichotomous concepts of good and evil. Critics of Puccetti often pointed to an introspective argument to counter his ideas. This argument was based on someone looking within oneself and realizing they had only one mind because they did not feel two streams of consciousness or separate volitions. This was based on the idea that at one exact point in time, a person seemed capable of realizing and reacting to only one stream of thought. Likewise, there was also a behavior-based argument to reject Puccetti’s hypothesis. This objection, unlike the introspective, asked the reader to examine the behavior, more specifically the volition, of others. In looking at others, it appeared fairly simple for the reader to reject dual minds, because, anecdotally, it never seemed like people behaved with two different minds and decision-making centers. To the onlooker, it never seemed that a person had one decision-making center fighting to act over the other. Ultimately, these introspective and behavioral arguments created a lot of doubt about the idea of dual mindedness and by extrapolation cast doubt on simplified concepts of good and evil. There is reassurance in the certitude of a definitive right and wrong. People, including myself, like to believe they are right and good. Ironically, it is in the believing that I am right that makes me wrong! We mortals have the capacity (free will or volition) to be infinitely right or wrong. However, if God is right and evil is wrong, and this dichotomy exists, then I (and Pucetti) want to be â€Å"right†. In response to the introspective argument, Puccetti looked to the distinction between persons and human organisms to explain his reasoning. He defined a person as a complex minded entity that actually had experiences, whereas a human organism was the combination of the biological substrate of two persons, each of which had one mind. In his view, the human organism did not see or experience anything so therefore the human organism was incapable of being conscious. Puccetti, however, believed there was interconnectedness between the left and right hemisphere in which the left hemisphere received a stream of stimuli or experience from the right side of the body and through the corpus callosum this signal went to the right hemisphere. This connectedness worked both from the left hemisphere to the right hemisphere and also right to left. The two hemispheres were able to create their own consciousness through the unique capabilities of each hemisphere once this stream of experience was shared from one side to the other. This idea ultimately allowed each person and corresponding mind to know what was happening to the other side of the body, without being conscious of the experience in the other. While introspection argued that we only received one stream of experience or stimuli at a time, this idea put forth by Puccetti offered a union of two streams of experience before the conscious state. Therefore, while introspectively it seemed there was only one stream, there quite possibly were two conscious streams that joined together through the complex network of commissures. While Puccetti was convinced of dual mindedness, Thomas Nagel suggested that our idea of â€Å"single mind† precluded this possibility in normal functioning humans. Nagle believed that if a single mind did not apply to ordinary individuals with intact brains then the idea of a single mind should be scrapped altogether. For his argument, Nagle relied heavily on paradigm, or model, examples. Nagle compared how the mind was defined to the idea of how colors were assigned. When we were all young, we learned the concept â€Å"red, the color† likely by being shown an object that was red and taking it as fact. However, the world presents with much more complexity. Even when examining color, few things are absolutely 100% red. The human eye sees red when it looks at light with a wavelength between 620-740 nanometers. In the 1600s, people were wrongfully accused of being witches (evil) after people (presumably people who were struggling with mentally duality) went out looking for them and pointed them out. They were identified as witches, and therefore 100% evil. The definition of a witch implied evil, magical powers, and witchcraft; however, the identification of these individuals was made on an emotional and unfortunately finite basis. Similarly, in ancient times, an element was thought to be the most basic material that could not be broken down. Examples of such eleme nts were earth, wind, fire, and water. We now know, however, that this was not true and that these elements were not the most basic building materials. Seen through both witch and element, dichotomous thinking or mental dualities are extremely difficult to support by simple paradigm example. These two examples hardly defined themselves because they were not correct examples only perceptions. In these cases the examples did not match what they were intended to; they were misapplied concepts. Likewise, this idea would be useful in describing a â€Å"single mind†. Just like the aforementioned examples, one could be drastically misapplying the concept of what a single mind is. While we may see what appears to be a single mind and call it a single mind, the question of whether or not we know what that concept truly encompasses comes to issue. Nagle showed the complexity of the mind as he somewhat contradicted himself when he described simultaneous attention to two incompatible tasks; perhaps similar to our vase and our faces. The threat to the absolutes implicitly calls into question our perception of our internal absolute. Are we good, intelligent, strong?, absolutely? As he threatened assumptions about the unity of consciousness, he also hindered understanding and empathy of another individuals. Puccetti’s belief of â€Å"no-creation-by-splitting† implied that if Sperry’s split-brain patients were thought to have two minds, then one must also assume normal functioning individuals had two minds. If we assumed that brain-splitting could not create two minds, however, and believed that Sperry’s patients actually had two minds, then we needed to conclude that normal functioning humans with intact brains still had two minds. While Puccetti did not provide concrete reasoning to why he believed splitting a brain could not create two minds, he did believe it made more sense to assume the two minds existed prior to surgery. To Puccetti, it is more believable that such a condition was present to begin with than gained through such a procedure. As put forth by Nagle, however, an explanation of mental unity, a capacity to accept the co-existence of complexity, helped to explain the â€Å"split minds†. Nagle stated that we subtly ignore the possibility that the unity of our mind was not actually absolute, but rather another case of integration to one’s control system. Nagle believed the unified brain was made through numerous functional connections across itself. These connections ultimately could be rerouted and cut to create separate minds. Modern research on brain plasticity certainly validates portions of Nagle’s premise. Therefore, while we often think of this unity as numerically absolute, the number of minds was likely relative and performance a function of integration. Through this thought of unity, it was clear why Nagle believed that it was possible to create separate minds through brain splitting and disconnection. †¦ And when I was a child, I thought that God was the God who only saw black and white. Now that I am no longer a child, I can see, that God is the God who can see the black and the white and the grey, too, and He dances on the grey!†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ― C. JoyBell C. There are not two minds. While I do believe there are two parts of the brain connected by certain commissures and connections, I do not believe there are two separate streams of consciousness. Never have I seen someone strain and fight between two different minds. However, often have I witnessed and felt the strain between good and evil and the struggle to understand the grey. Name one premise that every single person in the world would absolutely agree is absolutely positive and has absolutely no negative consequences? There is scientific research to show the interconnectedness of the brain. In previous articles the brains were often manipulated to act independently from one another. Current science details physiological processes and peripheral cues between the two parts of the brain resulting in one conscious mind and an individual in full control of his decisions. I believe much of the search for the dual-minded, was to alleviate the discomfort of moral ambiguity and organic comp lexity.

Maruti Suzuki Company Profile

Organisational Profile of Maruti Suzuki About us – Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL, formerly named Maruti Udyog Limited) is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan. MSIL has been the leader of the Indian car market for over two and a half decades. The company's two manufacturing facilities are located at Gurgaon and Manesar, south of New Delhi. Recently, the company has announced a further investment of Rs 1,700 crore (Rs 17 billion) for enhancing the production capacity by 250,000 units annually. The CAGR over two years is 27% for net sales.Nature of the Company Ownership – Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. Is a public limited company and is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange Limited. SMC is the majority shareholder with 54. 21% equity stake in the company. Shareholding Pattern of the Company – Our Vision – The Leader in the Indian Automobile Industry, Creating Customer Delight and Shareholder's Wealth; A pride of India. We believe OUR CORE VALUES drive us in every endeavor. * CUSTOMER OBSESSION * FAST, FLEXIBLE & FIRST MOVER INNOVATION & CREATIVITY * NETWORKING & PARTNERSHIP * OPENNESS & LEARNING Quest Unlimited – â€Å"After 25 years of leadership, what next? † It is not for us to predict the future. Other than to say that the Quest is unceasing. We continue on our journey, uninterrupted and without distraction, avoiding complacence and flamboyance, to explore newer frontiers, strengthen and expand partnerships, connect with the layers and layers of a still larger world and embed ourselves deeper in the lives of people. Success Mantra –Success in this business, we said, asks for â€Å"Stamina and Patience, Order and Creativity, Skills hard and soft and it needs all of them to Co-exist in the Right Proportion. † We follow the natural low of 3G – Give is the route to Get and Grow. CORPORATE INFORMATION – Board Of Directors – Mr. R. C. Bhargava, Chairman Mr. Shinzo Nakanishi, Managing Director and CEO Mr. Tsuneo Ohashi, Director and Managing Executive Officer (Production) Mr. Shuji Oishi, Director & Managing Executive Officer (Marketing & Sales) Mr. Keiichi Asai, Director & Managing Executive Officer (Engineering) Mr.Manvinder Singh Banga, Director Mr. Amal Ganguli, Director Mr. D. S. Brar, Director Mr. Osamu Suzuki, Director Ms. Pallavi Shroff, Director Mr. Kenichi Ayukawa, Director Contact us – Head Office Maruti Suzuki India Limited 1, Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070 Board no. 46781000 Fax : 46150275-76| Gurgaon Plant Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. Gurgaon Plant Old Palam Gurgaon Road Gurgaon – 122015 Tel: (0124)   2346721| Manesar Plant Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. Manesar Plant Plot no. 1, Phase 3A IMT Manesar Gurgaon – 122051. | BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS Company’s Snapshot – Above 50% market share in passenger cars and van type Vehicles for all 25 years * O ver 7 million cars produced & sold cumulatively * Over 500,000 cars exported cumulatively * 1st in customer satisfaction for 9 consecutive years – J D power CSI survey * One million units/ annum total capacity * Gurgaon facility – capacity 700,000 units/ annum * Manesar facility – capacity 300,000 units/annum * Over 7,600 employees on its rolls. * 681 sales outlets in 454 cities * 2767 workshops in 1314 cities * 315 pre-owned car outlets in 181 cities Recent AWARDS –India's Most Trusted Brand 2009: The Economic times Maruti Suzuki has been ranked Indian most Trusted Brand by India's leading Business newspaper The Economic Times. This prestigious accolade comes alongside company's 10-year long pole position in customer satisfaction surveys. 2000-2009: JD Power Customer Satisfaction Index Award – India The biggest draw for the past ten years has been the award for highest recognition by the customer. In 2009-10 again, for the tenth consecutive ti me, Maruti Suzuki ranked the highest in JD Power Customer Satisfaction Index.Other Accolades During 2009-10, the company, its products and services received reputed awards and accolades instituted by independent expert groups, media houses and research agencies. These include: * Ritz – Hatchback of the year * Ritz – Car of the year * Maruti Suzuki as the ‘Manufacturer of the year' by CNBC Overdrive * In the World's Most Reputed Company Survey 2009, Maruti Suzuki ranked third amongst global car companies and 49 amongst all companies across all segments. * ICSI National Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance' Products –The company has a portfolio of 13 brands and over 150 variants across Maruti 800, Omni, international brands Alto, A-star, WagonR, Swift, Ritz and Estilo, off-roader Gypsy, SUV Grand Vitara, sedans SX4 and Swift DZire and the newest entrant Eeco. Quality – A product of poor quality requires repeated inspections, entails wastage in terms of repairs and replacements. â€Å"Do it right first time†, is the principle followed to avoid wastage. To ensure quality, robots were devices and deployed especially where they reduced worker fatigue and were critical in delivering consistent quality.With consistent improvements in the plant the company was able to manufacture over 600,000 vehicles in 2006-07 with an installed capacity of just 350,000 vehicles per year. Production Management System (PMS) – PMS is derived from the basic Japanese principles of 5S, 3G and 3K. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concepts – Maruti Suzuki has adopted a CSR policy, which serves as a guiding tool for the management and the employees in steering Maruti Suzuki towards long term sustained growth in harmony along with the interests of the stakeholder.The role of the CSR department is to professionalize CSR activities in Maruti Suzuki and strengthen the mechanisms involving the activities. Significant efforts have been taken to contribute to society at large, through its corporate activities, especially in the areas of Road Safety and Vocational Training. Maruti Suzuki has set up dedicated teams with requisite expertise to steer the social projects. Maruti Driving School – National Road Safety Mission – Driving its message for road safety, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, unveiled a National Road Safety Mission| programme in December 2008.Under the programme, the company will * Train 500,000 people in safe driving in the next 3 years across India| | * While utilizing the existing 4 Institutes of Driving Training and Research (IDTR) in Delhi, Dehradun and Vadodara and 61 Maruti Driving Schools across the country the company will enter into partnerships with state governments for more IDTRs and with its dealers for more Maruti Driving Schools * Of the 500,000 people to be trained, at least 100,000 will be people from underprivileged section of society, who are keen to take driving as a profession. The company will continue to support to government and industry in their efforts for road safety| Sustainability Approach – In line with the global environmental concerns, we have identified the following focus areas with regards to the protection of environment and resources for the future generations. * CO2 emission reduction * Energy Conservation * Water Conservation * Solid Waste Management * Material Usage and Weight reduction * Fuel EfficiencyEnvironment Friendly –Fuel Efficient K-series Engine Technology Maruti Suzuki recognizes global warming and climate changes as global issues, the effects of which are of concern both for the environment and human life. The challenge faced by the society is how to meet the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Maruti Suzuki strongly believes that an investment in environment friendly products and manufacturing facilities is in the best interest of t he society as well as the business.The last 25 years of our journey has reinforced the belief that environment friendly initiatives make products more acceptable to customers and help Maruti Suzuki grow profitably in every sphere. Since Maruti Suzuki started operations, conserving environment and natural resources has been an integral part of our systems and processes. The concept of â€Å"Reduce, Reuse, Recycle† (3R's) has been our driving principle.This three pronged strategy or the 3 R's has been promoted in all our manufacturing facilities, supply chain and logistics operations. Maruti Suzuki also follows the Philosophy of â€Å"Smaller, Fewer, Lighter, Shorter and Neater†. This Philosophy has helped Maruti Suzuki in optimal utilization of resources and cost savings. True Value Outlet – Maruti True Value is India No. 1 organized pre-owned car brand. The company's service businesses include sale and purchase of pre-owned cars (True Value) and Maruti Finance.U nique advantages   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ * India's largest certified used car dealer network * 340 outlets in 197 cities and growing * All car related services under one roof * professionally trained manpower * Complete peace of mind| | These initiatives, besides providing total mobility solutions to customers in a convenient and transparent manner, have helped improve economic viability of the company's dealerships Exports – What do countries like Poland, Finland, Iceland, Malta, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Algeria and Italy have in common?Maruti Suzuki cars ply on the roads of these countries, and what's more, they are soon becoming the fastest selling cars in those lands. Maruti Suzuki exports, entry-level models across the globe to over 100 countries and the focus has been to identify new markets. Some important markets include Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. The Company clocked its highest ever exports at 70,023 units, a growth of 32. 1% in the Fiscal Year 2008-09.

PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING The WritePass Journal

PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING OVERVIEW PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING OVERVIEWFigure 1.1. The computing evolution2. Home systems2.1. Information access devices2.2.   Intelligent appliances2.3.   Smart controls2.4. Entertainment systems3. Electronic Healthcare System3.1. Patient Monitoring3.2. Location based services3.3.  Access to medical data3.4. Health care mobile devices  4. Sensors Networks4.1.   Application of a Wireless sensor network4.1.1. Military applications4.1.2. Environmental application 4.1.3. Medical applications4.1.4. Urban applications 5. Ongoing research6. Conclusion7. Reference  8. AppendixRelated OVERVIEW From the invention of Steam Engine to the invention of dynamo by James Watt and Werner Von Siemens respectively, and also remarkably taking the first power station into operation by Thomas A Edison [1], a massive change took place in the 19th century which brought about the generation, production and distribution of energy. The machines and engines were decentralized making the distribution of energy everywhere a possibility. This discovery led to several others like motor-cars, light bulbs and the rest of them. Although the technology behind these is irrelevant to most users, but then it brings about convenience and make life a lot easier which benefits the economy immensely. After the industrialization transformation, another major transformation occurred which was Computers. â€Å"While industrialization enhanced the manpower with the help of machines, computer multiplied the mental capabilities of man†. Its application then varied from processing large information, creation and organisation of phone bills, payroll, and invoices.   It was also used though with the help of mechanical machines to lift heavy amount of item e.g. steel Figure 1.1. The computing evolution From that point onwards, the computing industry began to grow, and its applications also widened to being used for air traffic control, in administration, and was also used for management systems in the process of â€Å"ensuring a static environment for employees†. Presently information technology has gone so broad that it surpassed the years of using the mainframe system where you have many users to a computer machine, and has since then gone even further to find its way into being an integral part of the telecommunication, entertainment, commerce and finally the finance industry in which nowadays, most organisation run their business online which is also called E-business. This type of computing is known as persuasive computing. Pervasive computing which is also known as ubiquitous computing is an exciting and intriguing field of research that brings in exceptional changes for the computational models in the 21st century. It basically integrates the concept of computation into our daily lives as opposed to having computers standing on its own. The goal of pervasive computing varies from creating an invincible technology to integrating the physical and virtual world together [3]. â€Å"Tremendous development of wireless communications and networking, mobile computing and handheld devises, embedded systems, wearable computers, sensors, FRID tags, smart spaces, middleware, software agents, and the like, have let to the evolution of pervasive computing platforms as natural successor of mobile computing systems†[4]. The internet has ended up being the worlds largest medium of communication. It connects different people all over the world in their billions, share information, data, and application electronically. As discussed above, internet and e-business has now been the order of the day in the business community. â€Å"The rising number of internet accounts proves that within the next years will have the largest internet community†. The internet has contributed greatly to making the world a global market where you find customers comparing prices and purchasing items, employee can get access to business information from distant. Due to the growing trend in computer technology and micro-controller getting smaller allowing them to be included into more and more devices, computer got smaller; the use of laptops became quite common and popular, the use of mobile phones with computing abilities became quite popular as well, examples are the apple iphone, android of google and it likes. The mobile phone with computing abilities is one of the recent developments in computer technology, its uses its wireless access to the internet to browse through information based system from basically anywhere in the world, which works just like a desktop or a laptop computer. Although not all application comes with the mobile phone sometimes, it is usually downloadable which therefore compliments for a poor computational capability, that’s why it doesn’t come as a surprise when there are mobile phone that can be wirelessly connected to the internet, edit photos and videos and print them. 2. Home systems These are basically home appliances that are built around computer networks. As the decentralization of computing continues, computers has now become ubiquitous or omnipresent, it has the ability to be everywhere. Nowadays we have networked home which make use of a web server usually small in size but carries out several tasks. For example, an air conditional can be connected to a web server which manages its operations. Other examples are lights, washing machines e.t.c Pervasive computing in homes can be subdivided into four sections which are Information access devices Intelligent Appliances Smart controls Entertainment systems [5]. 2.1. Information access devices An example of an information based device is the PDA â€Å"A personal digital assistant (PDA) also known as a palmtop computer or personal data assistant is a mobile device usually pocketable that functions as a personal information manager.†[6]. It has an electronic display which enables it have a web browser, and can connect to any network. They function as â€Å"Personal Information Management (PIM)† that include and has got applications such as calendar, address book and can also send and return mails. Although the main function of PDA is to make and record appointments and carry phone numbers, it has now undergone rapid development in wireless communication and its now being used in medical facilities to provide mobile access to a patient’s data. Such is the influence of pervasive and mobile computing in our world today. â€Å"In 1996, Nokia introduced the first mobile phone with full PDA functionality, the 9000 Communicator, which grew to become the worlds best-selling PDA† [7]. It brought about a new class of mobile phones: the PDA phone, now called Smartphone. Today, almost all PDAs are also known as smartphones 2.2.   Intelligent appliances As we continue exploration into the world of pervasive computing, its ubiquity can be seen even more. Intelligent appliances are another section under pervasive and mobile computing that has integrated into home appliances. Washing machine is a major example of such. It goes as far as being able to be connected to the internet, download new updates or request maintenance service. Another example is the fire alarm system. As soon as it senses fire, sends out a distress signal to the fire co-operation in which further action can be taken. Another example is the security alarm systems which gets activated as soon as unauthorised entry is detected, sends out a distress signal as well to the police department, in which further action is also taken as well. 2.3.   Smart controls Smart control is another section under pervasive and mobile computing in homes. Some make use of wireless remote controls for stoves, gas pump e.t.c. and are usually all connected to a network. We also have cases where using a java application, can set a recording time for a video cassette recorder which will automatically start recording when its time. Another example of smart control is the heating system in a house. Usually its has an alarm clock imbedded in it that automatically set in on when its the right time, and heats the room or water as the case may be. 2.4. Entertainment systems â€Å"New kinds of entertainment systems will change the world of traditional broadcasting†. Set up boxes is the technology behind the growth and development of pervasive and mobile computing in home appliances. Interactive digital TV’s, video on demand, improvement in the quality of videos and audios are just one of the few examples of how entertainment is making use of pervasive and mobile technology. Another example is the fire alarm system. As soon as it senses fire, sends out a distress signal to the fire co-operation in which further action can be taken. Another example is the security alarm systems which gets activated as soon as unauthorised entry is detected, sends out a distress signal as well to the police department, in which further action is also taken as well. 3. Electronic Healthcare System The area of healthcare in the field of pervasive computing is a very exciting and promising section, â€Å"it encompasses a broad range of topics such as advanced hospital information and logistics systems, mobile health monitoring, assisted living for the elderly and the handicapped, and lifestyle and wellness related personal systems†. â€Å"Pervasive health care system refer mostly to patient telemonitoring† (Hall et al,2003; Stanford, 2002). Telemonitoring is basically the way in which a patient’s psychological and physical features are being sensed and measured and recorded which provides information through wireless connection to the medical practitioner in real time or/and is transmitted to another location e.g. a medical center or a medical laboratory where other medical experts can work on it [8]. Moreso, with a sensor, a patient’s blood pressure, heart beat rate, blood level, respiration and temperature levels, e.t.c. can be measured. The growth of Pervasive and mobile computing in the health sector is a very promising, the value it adds both socially and economically is enormous in the sense that it creates business opportunities for insurance organizations, telecommunication companies, e.t.c. Moreso, it brings about the hope of a quality medical services while being efficient and ubiquitous and at the same time cost effective. The following are few applications of pervasive and mobile computing in the health-care environment. 3.1. Patient Monitoring With the help of wireless network and private area network, patients who are recovering from an ailment but subject to other complications can be easily monitored anywhere and in case a relapse occur, the nearest hospitals, emergency services are notified automatically. This improves the performance of nurses and doctors, as the time they take to make rounds monitoring patients can be done with the help of pervasive and mobile computing. 3.2. Location based services With the use of network sensors and radio-frequency ID badges, patients with mental challenged patients can easily be tracked if by any chance they leave a designated safe zone. With the help of location based services, people with matching blood types or want to donate an organ can easily be found. Voice-activated systems also act as an aid to blind people. 3.3.  Access to medical data With the help of pervasive computing, patients and medical personnel’s can have access to clinical records. This method is very easy as it reduce the stress of doing paper work, less time consuming and the chance of entering an incorrect data is reduced. 3.4. Health care mobile devices These are mobile electronic device that can be used be used to detect certain medical conditions for example, blood pressure, heart rate, alcohol level, e.t.c. In future, such a device can have a wireless capability to contain the individual medical history and if he/she has adeficiency or suffering from a device, the device should be able to send out a signal or message to his/her G.P or a hospital as the case may be [9].   4. Sensors Networks These are tiny, low cost, low power devices that sense some property e.g. motion, heat sound, light, pressure, e.t.c. and communicate with each other using wireless communication [10]. The wireless sensor is a very major aspect of pervasive computing because it allows computing to be part of the physical environment. It is called a wireless sensors network because many sensors can be spread across different places and can be networked in applications that require no attention producing what is known as a wireless sensor network (WSN). They function in a peer to peer manner in the sense that they do not directly communicate the base station. Usually, â€Å"data collected by individual nodes is routed between the thousands of tiny sensors in a multihop manner until they reach the base station†. A base station is computing device that collects data from multiple sensors node and process them [11]. 4.1.   Application of a Wireless sensor network The application of a WSN is countless; it varies from sensing properties like light, temperature, blood pressure, to being used in the military. Below are typical examples of WSN 4.1.1. Military applications In the military, sensor nodes can be spread across the war zone so as to detect the presence of an enemy and also locate them. It can also be used to detect weapons e.g. chemical weapons, biological weapons and so on. Other applications under the military are target field imaging, security and tactical surveillance, intrusion detection. 4.1.2. Environmental application A sensor node can be spread out in the air to monitor the temperature and from its result weather predictions can be made, climate monitoring, pollution tracking amongst many other. 4.1.3. Medical applications The application can be mostly found in this section. The glucose machine to monitor diabetic patient makes use of a sensor, heart monitors. Basically, most medical equipment for monitoring patients makes use of a sensor system. 4.1.4. Urban applications The application of WSN in our society is very clear and obvious, it can ne see in transportation  Ã‚   and traffic system, automatic identification of drivers licence, street lights, home security, door alarm to mention a few 5. Ongoing research â€Å"A number of leading technological organizations are exploring pervasive computing. Xeroxs Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), for example, has been working on pervasive computing applications since the 1980s. Although new technologies are emerging, the most crucial objective is not, necessarily, to develop new technologies. IBMs project Planet Blue, for example, is largely focused on finding ways to integrate existing technologies with a wireless infrastructure. Carnegie Mellon Universitys Human Computer Interaction Institute (HCII) is working on similar research in their Project Aura, whose stated goal is to provide each user with an invisible halo of computing and information services that persists regardless of location. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has a project called Oxygen. MIT named their project after that substance because they envision a future of ubiquitous computing devices as freely available and easily accessible as oxygen is today.† Today the uses of Internet are limited as its users look for read-mostly information. As we move to a world where the Internet is used as an infrastructure for embedded computing, all this will change. We can hypothesize that the individual utility of mobile communication, wireless appliances and the respective mobile services pervasive technologies in general will be exploited through a digital environment that is – aware of their presence sensitive, adaptive and responsive to their needs, habits and emotions and ubiquitously accessible via natural interaction. Increasingly, many of the chips around us will sense their environment in rudimentary but effective ways. For Example  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cell phones will ask the landline phone what its telephone number is and will forward our calls to it.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remote computers will monitor our health statistics and will determine when one is in trouble and will take appropriate action for rescue.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amplifiers will be implanted and used in the inner ear.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New machines that scan, probe, penetrate and enhance our bodies will be used.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Refrigerators will be connected to the Internet so one could find out, via cell phone or PDA, what is in it while one is at the store. A refrigerator may even sense when it is low on milk and order more directly from the supplier or rather than this, the connection will enable the manufacturer to monitor the appliance directly to ensure that it is working correctly and inform the owner when it is not.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stoves will conspire with the refrigerators to decide what recipe makes the best use of the available ingredients, then guide us through preparation of the recipe with the aid of a network-connected food processor and blender. Or they will communicate to optimize the energy usage in our households.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cars will use the Internet to find an open parking space or the nearest vegetarian restaurant for their owners or to allow the manufacturer to diagnose problems before they happen, and either inform the owner of the needed service or automatically install the necessary (software) repair.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wrist watches will monitor our sugar.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Digi-tickers or implanted heart monitors in heart patients will talk wirelessly to computers, which will be trained to keep an eye open for abnormalities. In a nutshell, our personal network will travel around with us like a surrounding bubble, connecting to the environment through which we move and allowing our mobile tools to provide us with more functionality than they ever could alone.† [13]    6. Conclusion Pervasive computing provides a very interesting vision for the future. Information would be basically handy through the help of the wireless technology, so instead of sitting on a PC to get information, we would have instant access through the use of our smart phones, our PDAs, e.t.c. As the growth in technology keeps increasing in the 21st century, it has basically influenced our daily lives, the way we communicate, shop, basically every aspect of it and enough evidence has it we are translating into the world of â€Å"pervasive computing† at a fast speed, and in few years time, the world would be living like a scene in the movie â€Å"Star Trek†.    7. Reference   8. Appendix youtube.com/watch?v=Q2DY6jWT2a4 youtube.com/watch?v=bS6XqjBO99Q youtube.com/watch?v=KsKne-fw-X0 youtube.com/watch?v=2I3T_kLCBAwfeature=related

How to Write an Essay on a Teacher

How to Write an Essay on a Teacher It’s a rather complicated task to write an essay on a teacher because only a few people can really understand how difficult and challenging this profession is. A teacher should not only be an expert in teaching but also to be ready to face various problems and cope with them. A good teacher does everything possible to create a comfortable atmosphere at a class that can stimulate students’ creativity and thinking. How to Start? The most important thing is to find a topic that can provoke discussions. That shouldn’t be just â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† issues. It must let people agree or disagree with the author. In addition, it should be not only provocative but specified as well. It’s better to avoid too general statements and keep to the problem which one can support with solid and trustworthy evidence, facts, and statistics. For example, the topic may sound like â€Å"What Type of Teacher Do Contemporary Students Need: Authoritative, Liberal or Democratic?† Different parents think differently. Such a topic can make people participate in debates trying to prove their point of view. The Next Step Is a Proper Structure Each academic assignment has a required structure. An essay should include an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction presents the problem and explains its nature and/or possible solution. There should be also a thesis statement in the introductory part. For example, â€Å"Today, more and more teachers prefer the democratic way of teaching to the authoritative one. As a result, students become uncontrolled and start losing interest in their study.† A writer should also strike the reader from the very beginning using rhetorical questions, citations, analogies, anecdotes, captivating stories, etc. The body is the largest part of the essay because it includes the whole information on the topic in details. The research is to be thorough and correspond with the chosen topic. The conclusion sums everything up and can give the idea for further research of the problem. This part of the essay should also be impressive. When the first and the last words hit the target auditory, the whole essay will have a chance to get A+. For example, â€Å"It doesn’t matter what type of teaching a teacher chooses. If a person is really good at teaching, students will be inspired with hope, lit with rich fancy, and infused with love to learning.† Other Things to Mention When dealing with academic writing a person should pay attention to each detail. A student must learn all the requirements and follow them. There are different writing styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.), and each of them needs some specific spacing, font and its size, the arrangement of the bibliography section, footnotes, title page, and a number of other details. It’s also necessary to sound logical and avoid making grammar mistakes. Each part of the essay must support the main idea of the paper and there must be a logical connection between them. One should also arrange appendix and supporting materials if necessary.

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free (#3)

Abraham Lincoln Essay Essay Topic: Literature , Abraham Lincoln Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA ? According to Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing. † (Mills 3). I was inspired by this quote that speaks of success, which I will describe as a golden star that everyone wants to reach. This quote is similar to most of the leadership quotes because it speaks of ways to reach success, but, this quote is special in a way that it could be related to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Simply put, the main road to success is the â€Å"will to succeed. † I’m sure each of us has experienced actually failing a task whenever our mind is embedded with the phrase: â€Å"I can’t do this! † If you believe that you will be successful in any endeavor you want to take, then, you have taken the first step to becoming a person who is the â€Å"king or queen of success. † I myself have noticed that whenever I put into mind that I will â€Å"win,† the outcome turns out to be truly positive. This essay can help readers realize that their goals can be achieved by first believing in themselves. If a person always expects that he/she will succeed in something specific, then his/her expectations will most probably turn into a reality as what the so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† suggests. Rosenthal, in his book: â€Å"Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research,† said: â€Å"Events tend to turn out as one has hypothesized, not because of some great insight but because one behaves in a manner to achieve this outcome. † Believing in this theory would mean that we would have to love ourselves more, believe that we have what it takes to win in this â€Å"game† called life, and, at the same time, because of our mind set, act in such a way that enables us to achieve our dreams. Bear in Mind: Success is in your hands, just believe! Mills, Dawson A. â€Å"Continuing Education Offerings Abound. † The Virginian-Pilot [Virginia] 28 January 1996:3. Rosenthal, Robert. Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966. Abraham Lincoln. (2017, Apr 26).

Networks and how they work ----- See below Essay

Networks and how they work ----- See below - Essay Example A client/server network makes use of one or more dedicated machine (that is known as a server) to share the printers, files, and applications. On the other hand, a peer-to-peer network allows its users to share files using any other user and does not necessitate a central, dedicated server (TechsChange, 2010; Nash, 2000; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). In the same way, the Internet is a huge network of networks. It connects all the networks so that they could receive and send data and information. For this purpose, the Internet uses a communication protocol that is known as TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) (TechsChange, 2010; Nash, 2000; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). This paper presents an overview of TCP/IP network structure and its working. This paper will discuss some of the important aspects of the TCP/IP framework and how this arrangement has enabled the expansion of the Internet into a worldwide network. This paper also outlines some issues regarding these networks. TCP/IP based network management operations are normally associated with a protocol accountable for applying those processes. This protocol is known as the  SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). In fact, the majority of IT people are aware of SNMP as it is common for SNMP to determine â€Å"the† method that network management is carried out in TCP/IP. Basically, the SNMP protocol is an element of a higher-level network management policy known as  the Internet Standard Management Framework. Thus, in order to actually identify how SNMP works, we fulfill some conditions of the method that this network is controlled all together (Kozierok, 2005). In addition, open protocol standards are freely accessible and developed autonomously from some particular computer hardware or operating system platform. In view of the fact that the TCP/IP is extensively supported, thus it is perfect for connecting different hardware and software,